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Blogspot – Page 8 – Gopal Krishna Agarwal

Wallmart spent a whopping fortune lobbying India entry

Exposing the sleaze, lies and perfidy

The Walmart has spent a whopping sum of $11 million dollar for lobbying its entry into India. The US-based Walmart Stores, one of the world’s top revenue-grossers with over $400 billion of total annual sales and present in 15 countries, is lobbying hard with lawmakers here to help it expand into India, possibly through bilateral talks between the related authorities of the two countries. As per the lobbying disclosure reports filed by the company with the US Senate, Walmart has since then spent a staggering amount of over $11 million (more than Rs 52 crore) on issues related to India, as also other matters, in over two years now. In 2010 itself, the company spent $1.37 million (over Rs six crore) on lobbying in the first quarter

This report gets well with the reaction from the US, supporting the UPA decision to allow FDI in retail.  It also exposes the fair and unfair means employed by the MNC to expand its business.

There are also ethical issues involved in the way the government went about introducing the proposal to allow FDI in retail. The discussion paper by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) quotes extensively from working paper and policy paper – August 2011, of Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), whose chairperson is Dr Isher Judge Ahluwalia, wife of Dr Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Chairman Planning Commission.

This organisation has in its report recommended opening of this sector to FDI, basically focusing on the benefits to the consumer, giving them preference of choice and playing down of its adverse impact on agriculture and small and medium sector manufacturing and unorganised retail. Though, this report also mentions in its opening remarks that unorganised retailers experience a decline in sales and over time, the government has ignored this. Further, there are several documents and reports available in India and abroad which bring out the ill effects of FDI in this sector but these reports are not finding favours with the government.

 If we go deeply into the matter, allowing 51 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in Multi Brand Retail in India is not a good move, because the companies that we are inviting are known to monopolise the market wherever they go. There are several reports from across the world to prove that the major companies, like Walmart and Carrefour, use a monopolistic approach to kill local markets. Indonesia and other countries are good examples of the result of such monopolistic policies.

 India, with its weak manufacturing base and weak supply-side infrastructure, is not in a position to compete with many global brands. But at the same time, our country provides such a large market that all big names want a piece of the pie. The Indian retail market is estimated to be around $ 400 billion with more than 120 million retailers and employing over 400 million people. On the contrary, the US-based giant Walmart, a global leader in big retail, also has a turnover of US $400 billion and employs only 2.1 million people. Which one of these retail systems provides employment is crystal clear. If we think Walmart is here to create employment opportunities, we must be living in a fool’s paradise. Simply put, they are investing in India to make money. Thus, the onus of protecting our market and promoting the locals lies with us.  

When we can build our domestic infrastructure so well (a case in point is the metro rail system and golden quadrilateral project), why do we need outsiders to come here to build supply chain infrastructure? There is no big technology in involved. Even our standing committee of the parliament had rejected FDI in retail.  

Besides, when foreign organisations enter the multi-brand retail market in India, they will look to procure goods globally. Agriculture sector in US and Europe is highly subsidised even our pressure under the WTO could not get us any results. It is the massive farm subsidy that supports agriculture in the US. If this subsidy, classified under Green Box for WTO calculations, is withdrawn (as analysed by UNCTAD-India), US agriculture collapses. A latest 2010 report by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a group comprising the richest 30 countries in the world, states explicitly that farm subsidies rose by 22 per cent in 2009, up from 21 per cent in 2008. In just one year in 2009, these industrialised countries provided a subsidy of Rs 12.60 lakh crore to agriculture. Therefore how our agriculture sector will compete internationally. In India, it is markets that sustain the farmers and not subsidies. More than 60 per cent of our population is engaged in this sector they will lose heavily. Secondly, our manufacturing sector has to cope with high interest rates, our real estate prices are skyrocketing in this context, can they compete with Chinese manufacturing sector. These MNCs will procure internationally, then they will flood our markets with foreign goods, and pocket fat profits, further weakening our hold on our own market. It is important to look within and improve the nation’s lot by focusing on agriculture and the manufacturing sector, rather than depending on others to come and help us out. 

There is also the possibility that dealing with these foreign organisations may actually reduce our foreign exchange coffers, which may go in the negative. Domestic report in the manufacturing sectors points out that the net foreign exchange flow of existing multinational manufacturing sector (MNC) is negative at present. When the rupee is hovering at around 53 to a dollar which is strong at the time any inflow is beneficial to the international investor.  

Inviting foreign direct investment is not simple issue; we need to look at the context of the entire move. FDI at this juncture does not fit the bill, as India has a number of domestic issues to tackle. We need to look deeper to understand how and when the investments can really prove fruitful for agriculture and the manufacturing sector. The political and economic conditions of our country in the current scenario also need to be taken into consideration.  

Economics is a complex issue, which demands that a balance be struck between the positive and the negative and all decisions have to be taken in the present context. Unfortunately this bill gets weighed down by its shortcomings.  

The government has launched a campaign to show us the merits of their move, but that’s not enough because it requires proof, which they are yet to provide. When they talk about quality assurance in terms of consumer satisfaction, they also need to project the cost-benefit analysis. For us, isolated product availability is not sufficient. At the end of it, people want to know how many products really benefit them.

 There are many more such questions, which have raised doubts in the minds of all. How many companies does India open its market to because if it is just the major ones, then it is surely going to kill the market by shutting all doors to competition. And it would be significant to point out that the Competition Commission of India is a new organisation which needs more teeth and experience to deal with complicated situations. That’s the context being spoken about.

Allowing 51 percent foreign direct investment (FDI) in Multi Brand Retail in India is not a good move, because the companies that we are inviting are known to monopolise the market wherever they go. There are several reports from across the world to prove that the major companies, like Walmart and Carrefour, use a monopolistic approach to kill local markets. Indonesia and other countries are good examples of the result of such monopolistic policies.

Inviting foreign direct investment is not simple issue; we need to look at the context of the entire move. FDI at this juncture does not fit the bill, as India has a number of domestic issues to tackle. We need to look deeper to understand how and when the investments can really prove fruitful for agriculture and the manufacturing sector.

Gopal Krishna Agarwal is the National spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party on economic affairs. 

हाथ से फिसलता एक और संसाधन

गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल____

सार्वजनिक हित के नाम पर अन्य संसाधनों की तरह जल के निजीकरण का आधार तैयार होता देख रहे हैं –

अपनी असफलता पर विचार करने के स्थान पर सरकारें सार्वजनिक सेवाएं मुहैया कराने के लिए बाजार के पक्ष में तर्क दे रही हैं

जल जीवन का एक महत्वपूर्ण तत्व है। इन तत्वों में से किसी के निजी स्वामित्व या व्यावसायीकरण की अवधारणा मानवता के हित में नहीं है। एक ऐसी अवधारणा जो मानवता के लिए ठीक न हो, एक राष्ट्र के लिए कभी भी लाभकारी नहीं हो सकती। हमने पाया है कि अदालतों व सरकार सहित विभिन्न भागीदारों के साथ हमारी कई चर्चाओं व बातचीत में इस पर आम सहमति है कि जल के व्यावसायीकरण की अनुमति नहीं दी जानी चाहिए। इस पर सहमति होने के बावजूद इसे लागू करने के स्तर पर भिन्नता है। जल संसाधन के संरक्षण के नाम पर इसका एक वस्तु के तौर पर व्यावसायीकरण करने की पहल कुल मिलाकर इसे निजी संपत्ति बनाने की दिशा में इशारा करती है। यह काम वितरण एवं रखरखाव के माध्यम से सार्वजनिक निजी साझीदारी यानी पीपीपी माडल के रूप में किया जा रहा है। जीने के अधिकार के तौर पर जल हवा की तरह प्रकृति द्वारा नि शुल्क उपलब्ध कराया जाता है और मानव इसको लाखों वर्षों से इस्तेमाल करता आ रहा है। उच्चतम न्यायालय ने एमसी मेहता बनाम कमलनाथ मामले में अपने निर्णय में कहा था कि सरकार सभी प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की एक न्यासी है। न्यास इस सिद्धांत पर निर्भर है कि हवा, समुद्र, जल और बन जैसे निश्चित संसाधनों का संपूर्ण मानव के लिए इतना अधिक महत्व है कि इन्ते निजी स्वामित्व का विषय बनाना पूरी तरह से अनुचित होगा। ये संसाधन प्रकृति के उपहार है, इन्हें हर किसी को निःशुल्क उपलब्ध कराया जाना चाहिए।

एक अन्य मामले में केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि सरकार के पास संसाधनों के प्रबंधन का अधिकार है और वह लोगों से जल का या किसी अन्य प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का स्वामित्व नहीं छीन सकती। जोने के अधिकार के तहत जप्त तक लोगों की पहुंच का घोषणा पत्र अर्थहीन हो जाएगा अगर इसकी सुलभता केवल उन्हीं लोगों के लिए हो जो इसकी कीमत अदा कर सकते हैं। यह उतना ही निरर्थक है जितना कि यह कहना कि सरकार केवल उन्हीं लोगों को जीवन जीने के अधिकार की गारंटी देगी जो इसके लिए भुगतान कर सकते हैं। जल के व्यावसायीकरण और देर-सवेर इसके निजीकरण के बारे में बहुत कुछ सुना जा रहा है। जब सरकार अन्य नीतियों की तरह अंतत जल का निजीकरण करने का निर्णय करेगी तो यही कहेगी कि इसे भी सार्वजनिक हित में किया गया है, लेकिन लोगों की ओर से जल के निजीकरण के लिए मांग नहीं सुनाई देती। वर्तमान में हमारे पास दो वर्ग है, जिसमें पहला वर्ग प्रभावशाली और शक्तिशाली वर्ग है, जो नीति निर्धारण और इसे लागू करने के हर पहलू पर प्रभाव डालता है। यह वर्ग सब कुछ खरीदने में सक्षम है। इस वर्ग के लिए कीमत से ज्यादा उपलब्धता मायने रखती है, लेकिन हमारी प्राथमिक चिंता दूसरे वर्ग यानी आम आदमी को लेकर है। जल के निजीकरण के लिए सबसे बड़ी वजह निजी क्षेत्र का प्रभाव है। जल एक ऐसा क्षेत्र है जो अपनी प्रकृति से प्राकृतिक एकाधिकार का सृजन करता है और निजीकरण की पहल से ऐसी स्थिति पैदा हो सकती है कि सबसे ऊंची बोली लगाने वाले को जल की नीलामी की जाएगी।

जल की उपलब्धता और मांग के सरकारी आकड़ों (वास्तविक एवं अनुमानित) को देखें तो पता चलता है कि कुल मिलाकर इसकी कोई कमी नहीं है। वास्तव कि में जल की उपलब्धता में भारी स्थानिक विषमताएं है, जो पूरी तस्वीर को एक तरह से भ्रामक बनाती है। यह प बात राहत देनी चाहिए कि कुल मिलाकर देश में जल नि की किल्लत नहीं है। इससे अधिक निराशाजनक और क्या होगा कि आजादी के छह दशक के बाद भी सरकारें अपने नागरिकों की मूलभूत जरूरतें पूरी नहीं कर सकी है। मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं को उपलब्ध कराने में अपनी असफलता पर पर्दा डालने के लिए सरकारे सार्वजनिक सेवाएं मुहैया कराने के लिए बाजार के पक्ष में तर्क दे रही है। भारत जैसे विकासशील देश को विश्व बैंक, अंतरराष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष जैसे अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थानों और डब्ल्यूटीओ जैसे समझौते बाजार प्रणाली को रामबाण के तौर पर अपनाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करते हैं। वर्ष 1990 की शुरुआत में नीतिगत ढांचे में बदलाव ने इन्हें देश में पांव पसारने का मौका दिया और वे पश्चिमी देशों की कंपनियों के लिए नए बाजार तलाशने के अपने एजेंडे को पूरा करने के लिए नीतिगत निर्णयों को प्रभावित करते रहे हैं। विश्व बैंक और अंतरराष्ट्रीय मुद्रा कोष ऋण देने की शर्तों के तहत नियंत्रण खत्म करने और विकास के समान अवसर उपलब्ध कराने के नाम पर विदेशी निजी कंपनियों के लिए बड़ी भूमिका की मांग करते हैं। अब ऐसा ही कुछ जल के क्षेत्र में होने के आसार नजर आ रहे हैं।

जल के संदर्भ में सरकारों ने अनेक कार्यक्रम एवं कानून पेश किए हैं, मसलन शहरों, महानगरों और राज्यों में जलापूर्ति के लिए जल बोर्ड का गठन, भूमिगत जल निकालने और इसके इस्तेमाल के नियमन के कानून, जल संसाधन के संरक्षण कानून, उद्योगों को जलापूर्ति के लिए कानून आदि यहां तक कि राष्ट्रीय जल नीति भी पेश की गई। इन सबका अध्ययन करने से स्पष्ट पता चलता है कि जल आवंटन के लिए वर्तमान जल नीति में किस तरह से बाजार की व्यवस्था का इस्तेमाल किया गया है। इससे ऐसे गरीब और कमजोर लोगों की पहुंच से जल दूर हो जाएगा जो इसके लिए उतना मूल्य देने में सक्षम नहीं है, जितना मूल्य धनी लोग दे सकते है। भारत सरकार द्वारा हाल ही में ल ही में पेश की गई राष्ट्रीय जल नीति, 2012 के मसौदे में उल्लिखित जल के निजीकरण को हर हाल में रोका जाना चाहिए, जो स्पष्ट रूप से गरीब विरोधी है। इसके साथ ही केंद्र सरकार को तालाब, बावड़ी आदि जैसी पारंपरिक जल संरक्षण पद्धतियों के पुनरुद्धार के जरिये एक एकीकृत जल संसाधन नियोजन को लागू करना चाहिए।

सरकार की गलत नीतियों के कारण महंगाई बढ़ रही है

गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल,
राष्ट्रीय प्रवक्ता, भाजपा। 

दिन_प्रतिदिन जिस प्रकार महगाई बढ़ रही है. उसके क्या कारण है? महगाई पर कैसे नियंत्रण पाया जा सकता है? देश की बिगड़ रही अर्थव्यवस्था के लिए कौन से कारण जिम्मेदार हैं? क्या सरकार की गलत नीतियो के कारण ऐसा हो रहा है? इसी प्रकार के कुछ प्रश्नों के संदर्भ में जगदम्बा सिंह नै प्रमुख अर्धशास्त्री एवं भारतीय जनता पार्टी इकोनामिक सेल के राष्ट्रीय संयोजक गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल से बातचीत की। पेश है, वार्ता के खास अंश-

इस संदर्भ में श्री गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल का कहना है कि भ्रष्टाचार और ब्लैक मनी के कारण कुछ लोगो के पास पैसा बहुत ज्यादा आ गया है। इससे खरीददारी की क्षमता बढ़ी है। मगर जिस हिसाब से खरीददारी की क्षमता बढ़ी है उसके मुताबिक उत्पादन नहीं बढ़ा है।

कुल मिलाकर स्थिति ऐसी बनी हुई है कि डिमांड एवं सप्लाई में काफी अंतर है। यदि डिमाड अधिक होगी और सप्लाई कम होगी तो महगाई बढ़ेगी ही। ऋण पर ब्याज दर इतनी अधिक हो गई है कि नए उद्योग जरूरत के मुताबिक नहीं लग रहे है।

जब तक नए उद्योग नहीं लगेगे, तब तक उत्पादन बढेगा नहीं। सरकार डिमांड एव सप्लाई में संतुलन बनाने में नाकाम रहीं है। यह काम सरकार को पहले से ही करना चाहिए था। इसके अलावा महगाई के लिए आर्थिक कुप्रबंधन एवं गलत नीतिया भी जिम्मेदार है। महंगाई बढ़ रही है, मगर अनाज सड रहा है। अर्थशास्त्र की यह कौन सी परिभाषा है कि लोग भूखों मरे और अनाज गोदामों में सड़े। होना तो यह चाहिए कि यदि मार्केट में डिमांड अधिक हो तो सप्लाई और बढ़ा देनी चाहिए। कितु यह उलटा हो रहा है। सप्लाई कम होने के बावजूद गेह सहाया जा रहा है। महंगाई बढ़ने के ये कुछ प्रमुख कारण है जिनका निदान कर सरकार महगाई पर अकुश लगा सकती है।

सरकार का कहना है कि अत्तर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर अर्थव्यवस्था की हालत नाजुक है. उसका असर भारत पर भी पड़ना स्वाभाविक है? इस बजह से भी महगाई बढ़ रही है। इस प्रश्न के जबाब में श्री गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल का कहना है कि ऐसी बात नहीं है। अतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर तो डालर मजबूत हो रह है, मगर रुपया क्यों कमजोर हो रहा है? इस हिसाब से तो रुपया भी मजबूत होना चाहिए।

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर अर्थव्यवस्था यदि कमजोर है, तो महगाई कम होनी चाहिए क्योंकि ऐसी स्थिति में विदेशी बाजार में भारतीय सामानो की सप्लाई कम हो जाती है। जब सामानों की सप्लाई कम होगी तो महगाई घटनी चाहिए या बढ़नी चाहिए। अतर्राष्ट्रीय बाजार में पेट्रोलियम पदार्थों की कीमते कम हो रही है. यहा क्यो बढ़ रही है। यह सब सरकार के – बहाने बाजी है।

जब वहां पेट्रोलियम पदार्थों की कीमते कम हो रही हैं तो यहां भी – होनी चाहिए। जब वहां डालर मजबूत हो रहा है तो भारत में भी रुपया मजबूत होना चाएि। सरकार चाहे जितनी भी बहाने बाजी कर ले, मगर सारी समस्या मिस मैनेजमेट के कारण उत्पन्न हुई है। भ्रष्टाचार के कारण र मार्केट में इतनी ब्लैक मनी आ गई है कि उसका दुष्प्रभाव हर क्षेत्र में देखने बा को मिल रहा है। रियल स्टेट से लेकर किसी भी क्षेत्र देखिये ब्लैक मनी के करण दाम लगातार बढ़ते जा रहे है. किंतु उसके मुताबिक सप्लई पक्ष कमजोर पड रहा है।

भ्रष्टाचार के कारण ब्लैक मनी तो सबके पास आई नहीं। इसका लाभ तो तो कुछ ही लोगों को मिला है। इस संदर्भ में श्री गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल का ग कहना है कि सिस्टम तो सबके लिए एक ही है ऐसी कोई व्यवस्था तो है नहीं कि नोट छापकर गरीबों में बाट दी जाए. जिससे गरीब लोग भी उनका र मुकाबला कर सके जिनके पास प्रर्याप्त ब्लैक मनी है। चूंकि सिस्टम सभी र के लिए एक है। इसलिए उसका खामियाजा गरीबों को भी भुगतना पड रहा कहै।

आज यदि पूरी अर्थव्यवस्था पर नजर डाली जाये तो अर्थव्यवस्था को आप कहां पाते है? इस प्रश्न के जवाब में श्री गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल न का कहना है कि अभी हाल में कुछ प्रमुख उद्योगपतियों ने कुछ बातें कहो है उसी से भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के बारे में अंदाजा लगाया जा सकता है। उद्योगपति अजीम प्रेम जी ने कहा है कि भारत बिना किसी लीडर के चल रहा है। नारायण मूर्ति ने भी अर्थव्यवस्था के के संदर्भ में निगेटिव बात कहीं है। कल मिलाकर कहने का आशय यही है कि देश के तमाम – उद्योगपतियो ने अर्थव्यवस्था की भयावह स्थिति को लेकर चिंता जाहिर – की है। प्रधानमंत्री ने स्वयं कहा है कि हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था बुरे दौर से गुजर रही है। आखिर प्रधानमंत्री जी किस बता रहे है?

सरकार उन्हें चलानी है. सब कुछ उन्हें हो करना है तो वे किसको बता रहे है। दरअसल देश की अर्थव्यवस्था को फिर से पटरी पर लाने के लिए मजबूत एवं दृढ राजनीतिक इच्छाशक्ति की जरूरत है. किंतु वह राजनीतिक इच्छाशक्ति इस सरकार में नहीं है। हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था वास्तव में उतनी खराब नहीं है जितनी राजेतिक नेतृत्व को अक्षमता के कारण कृतिम रूप से खराब हुई है।

Tug of water monopoly

By Gopal Krishna Agarwal,

Water is an important element of life. The concept of private ownership and commercialisation of this basic necessity is not in the interest of humanity. A concept that is not good for humanity can never be beneficial to a nation.

We found that there was a general consensus on the issue in a series of our discussions and deliberations on the subject, with various stakeholders, including courts and the government. But still, at the implementation level, there was complete divergence.

All governmental actions point towards creating private property with regard to water and its commercialization as a commodity in the name of conservation of this resource. This is being done under the garb of a Public Private Partnership (PPP) of distribution and maintenance. This dilemma of the policymaker, whether intentional or otherwise, has to be exposed and checked.

WATER IS A RIGHT, NOT A COMMODITY              

Water, like air, is provided by nature for free. The state is a trustee of all natural resources. The doctrine of trust rests on the principle that certain resources like air, sea, water and the forests have such great significance that it would be wholly unjustified to make them a subject of private ownership.

The said resources, being a gift of nature, should be made freely available to everyone irrespective of their status. The doctrine enjoins upon the government to protect the resources for the enjoyment of the general public rather than to permit their ownership by private firms for commercial purposes. Accordingly, the state has the power to manage the resources within the constraints imposed by this arrangement and cannot usurp the ownership of water, or any other natural resource for that matter, from the public.

“We have no hesitation in holding that failure of the state to provide safe drinking water to the citizens in adequate quantities would amount to a violation of the fundamental right to life enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution of India and would be a violation of human rights.

Therefore, every government that has its priorities right should give foremost importance to providing safe drinking water, even at the cost of other development programmes. Nothing shall stand in its way, whether it is a lack of funds of other infrastructure. Ways and means have to be found out at all costs with utmost expediency instead of restricting action in that regard to mere lip service.”

The declaration of access to water coming under the right to life would be meaningless if affordability is brought into the picture. It would be as absurd as saying that the state would guarantee the right to life to only those who can pay for it. The whale purpose for the existence of the state is to ensure basic necessities to all its citizens irrespective of their economic standing. In fact, only when the state ensures such provisions can its citizens achieve their full potential. Therefore, it is accepted that the state has the primary responsibility for providing water to its citizens. The same applies to the Indian state as well.

PRIVATISATION OF WATER IS NOT IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST

A lot is being heard about water and his its privatisation of late. If the government finally decides to privatise water like all government policies, it ad too would be done in ‘public interest’. It is therefore ironic that we do not all hear the demand for water privatisation coming from the public. Why is it that the state that swears to always act in the interest of the public ends up harming it?

At present, we have two categories- ries the affluent and the powerful class that has dominance in every aspect of our policymaking and its implementation. They can afford everything. For them, availability is more important than affordability- ity. In their business model, scarcity and commercialisation is a means of creating wealth. Though we believe that private ownership is a major motivator of entrepreneurship and generation of wealth, our primary concern is that the other class, consisting of the common man, has been left behind in the race.

One of the strongest reasons pro- pounded for privatisation of water is the presumed efficiency of the private sector. Results that one should have arrived at after analysing the experience with privatisation have been accepted as biblical truth. Efficiency has nothing to do with ownership, and there are a number of examples where the government and private sector, if not more. Water is one sector that, by its very nature, leads to the creation of natural monopolies. Privatisation might even lead to an outcome where water is auctioned to the highest bidder.

Secondly, looking at the water availability and demand data, there is no scarcity at the age spatial and temporal variations in water availability that make the aggregate figures somewhat misleading, it is comforting to know that Shoubu Bery as a whole does not face water scarcity as such. According to the Central Water Commission, the ‘estimated utilisable water resources’ is 1,123 billion cubic metres (bcm). If we look at the projected demand for 2025, a standing subcommittee of the water resources ministry put it at 1,093bcm. The National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development (NCIWRD) has projected the total water demand for the year 2050 at 973 bcm under the ‘low demand scenario and at 1,180 bcm under the ‘high demand’ scenario.

The full cost recovery argument is being promoted as the Holy Grail Есик полдерованtabout it is that it has almost become an end in itself in the arguments forwarded by the champions of water privatisation.

A financially sound public water company might not need budgetary support from the state which the state can spend chewhere but what are such priorities that need money diverted from expenditure on wa- ter supply? It’s only when the basic human needs of food, clothing and shelter are met, the state can think of fulfilling its other obligations. So, till the time such needs remain unmet, full cost recovery does not make any sense.

Full cost recovery cannot be defined. A private water distribution company may provide a Maruti 800 to its employees and add its cost to its expenditure, or it may decide to provide them with a Mercedes! It is not a mere theoretical possibility. Private companies are known to have gold-plated their investment to deny the rightful share to the government. Cost also depends on the efficiency of the operator. A guaranteed full cost recovery would take away the incentive to carry on the operations efficiently, since the profit would anyway be guaranteed.

GLOBAL BODIES SUPPORT

MARKET MECHANISM

Even after more than six decades of independence, India has failed to meet the basic needs of its citizens. This failure, instead of galvanizing the state into action to provide such basic necessities within the shortest possible time, has led to a twisted argument in favour of market provisioning of public services. International institutions like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and wro promote market mechanisms as the panacea to all the ills plaguing developing world countries like India. The structural adjustment policies of the early 1990s gave them a foothold in the country, and they have been influencing policy decisions to serve their covert agenda of finding new markets for the companies of the West.

The World Bank and the IMF demand deregulation and a prominent role for the foreign private sector in countries as part of their lending conditions. According to a study, out of 40 IMF loans disbursed through the international finance corporations in 2000-12, most of them had requirements for partial or full pri- privatization of water supply, full cost recovery, and elimination of subsidies. Similarly, over 40 per cent of World Bank loans approved in 2001 for the water and sanitation sector contain privatisation of water utilities as a condition.

Considering the complex nature of the subject and its importance, the government, from time-to-time, has come out with programmes and laws such as establishment of water boards for urban water supply, met- ropolitan cities and state as a whole, laws on regulation of groundwater extraction and use, laws on protection of water sources and laws for supply to industries. Even the National Water Policy (NWP) shows a clear bias towards using market mechanisms to allocate water. This would price out the poor and the vulnerable, who would not be able to match the price offered by the rich for a given amount of water.

The society should be structured in a way that all its components or the stakeholders, are taken care of, without any discrimination of caste, creed, religion or wealth. The government is duty-bound to provide for the basic needs of all the citizens of the country.

This duty has been cast on it under the adopted Constitution by the people of this sovereign, democratic, secular republic. To bring out all these aspects and have a healthy debate on the subject, we, at Jaladhikar, have been holding discussions, seminars, mass awareness programs, and campaigns. Therefore, we demand that it is the responsibility of the government to provide a free supply of pure, hygienic drinking water to the citizens as enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution, guaranteeing of Right to Life. And stop the privatisation of water, as mentioned in the recently drafted NWP 2012 by the government of India, which is against the concept of trusteeship and is anti-poor.

DROPS OF ANARCHY

* The state has the power to manage natural resources within some constraints, but cannot usurp the ownership of water, or any other natural resource for that matter

* It is ironic that we do not hear the demand for water privatisation coming from the public, as the centre claims it would be done in the public interest

* One of the reasons propounded for the privatisation of water is the presumed efficiency of the private sector. But the truth is, efficiency has got nothing to do with ownership

* Looking at water availability and demand data, there is no scarcity at the aggregate level

* Also, the National Water Policy shows a clear bias towards using market mechanisms to allocate water. This would price out the poor, who would not be able to match the price offered by the rich for a given amount of water

NATIONAL WATER POLICY A FARCE
NWP 1987NWP 2002DRAFT NWP 2012
DRINKING WATERTo be provided to the entire population by 1991No MentionNo Mention
ROLE OF  PRIVATE SECTORNo Mention, recovery of operation and maintenance costYes, recovery of pertain and maintenance costs is part of the capital cost.Yes, Full cost recovery
AUTONOMOUS WATER REGULATORY AUTHORITYNoNoYes

Congress in Lokpal tangle

By Gopal Krishna Agarwal,

The country was waiting for a strong Lokpal bill to be tabled in Parliament by the government. After such a long battle and successive assurances, everybody was expecting that it will relent and at least stand on its promise within the Parliament to Anna Hazare and through him to the people of the country.

The concept of a strong Lokpal was based on a unified, independent, transparent, and effective anti-corruption institution in the country. At present, we have several anti-corruption laws and institutions, but they are all scattered and are not independent, and therefore not effective. Through the India Against Corruption movement, people of the country demanded an institution that would combine the investigative setup of CBI (which is not independent) and would enjoy the independence of CVC (which is not effective). This anti-corruption institution was also expected to oversee the judiciary. People wanted the members of Parliament and the Prime Minister to come within its ambit, as it is perceived that they are the major source of rampant corruption in the country

Another lacuna in the anti-corruption setup was the lack of protection for the whistleblower. We have seen 13 murders of RTI activists recently. If a whistleblower does not get protection then people will be hesitant to complain against the high and powerful.

Lower-level bureaucracy is more troublesome to the common man. Though corruption in high places harms the country more, the common man is fed up with his day-to-day life, coping with bribery. Therefore, all categories of government employees needed to be brought under the Lokpal. Government has kept out the C category, for the fear of losing its major vote bank and left them to harass people Another problem was that, unless you have a time bound delivery of services and are able to fix account ability, you cannot determine the level of services Based on this accountability we can fix the ha rassment and grievances. This was also part of the anti-corruption movement’s demand.

But the current draft of the Lokpal bill has neither the CBI in its ambit nor has it made it an independent body. CVC is also a separate body, and C group employees have been put under it, but CVC has no resources to manage the menace of corruption in this category. PM, though, is brought under the Lokpal. But has been given several unwarranted protections. Citizens’ charter has been segregated and is being brought as a separate bill. The complaints of the people will be looked into by the department’s vigilance officer, which will never be effective, as it will not give a report against its own colleagues. If the protection of whistleblowers is not under the Lokpal, how can we protect the complainant? I fail to understand. And we don’t think that by simply setting up of judicial commission, we will he able to check corruption in the judiciary.

So the Lokpal bill, which the government proposes, is an empty box of chocolate. Reservation is another ploy to play the vote bank politics. And fax pause on the part of the government with regard to the word minority, which had to be removed at the last moment due to constitutional restriction, is a case in point about its over obsession to placate minorities at all costs

With the government opening its cards the only hope for the people is BJP Though. BJP has said that it will oppose the bill and demand for its amendment based on its dissent note in the standing committee. Everybody is waiting to see how it performs vis-à-vis the expectations of the people.

क्यों बेसार है भ्रष्टाचार विरोधी कानून

भाजपा प्रवक्ता गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल,

हमारे यहां भ्रष्टाचार का कोई भी मामला उजागर होने के बाद लंबी कानूनी लड़ाई में फंस जाता है, जिसे पूरा होने में बरसों लग जाते हैं। सबूतों के अभाव में प्रायः आरोपी बच जाता है और लूट के धन के साथ आनंद से जीवन बिताता है। हमारी भ्रष्टाचार निरोधक व्यवस्था नख-दंतविहीन है।

देश में हुए विभिन्न घोटालोके खुलासे और उन पर तत्परता से कार्रवाई करने में सरकार की विफलता ने हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था को नाजुक स्थिति को सामने ला दिया है। भ्रष्टाचार हमारे राष्ट्रीय ताने-बाने को जड़ों से कुतर रहा है। वे दिन गुजरे ज्यादा समय नहीं हुआ है जब हमारे देशवासी विश्वास से लबरेज थे और पूरी दुनिया के साथ हम उभरते भारत की बात कर रहे थे। सबकुछ ठीक था और हम गुंजायमान लोकतंत्र, युवा ताकत सेवा क्षेत्र में तेजी, ज्ञान आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था के विकास, विशाल घरेलू बाजार और हम दुनिया भर में कुछ करके दिखा सकते हैं की बात करते थे। हममें विश्व से मुकाबला करने का जोश था।  

हम 2020 तक विश्व की आर्थिक शक्ति बनने वाले थे। फिर क्या ऐसा हो गया कि हमारी धारणा कमजोर हो गई। व्यावसायियों का विश्वास डगमगा गया। दुनिया भारत में भ्रष्टाचार के उच्च स्तर को लेकर दुख प्रकट कर रही है। भ्रष्टाचार विश्वभर में मौजूद है, लेकिन विश्व में कहीं भी एक बार भ्रष्ट व्यक्ति पकड़ा जाता है तो उसे बुरी तरह दंडित किया जाता है, उसकी संपत्ति जब्त कर ली जाती है। लेकिन भारत में वह इस्तीफा मात्र देता है और मामला लबी कानूनी लड़ाई में फंस जाता है जिसे पूरा होने में बरसों लग जाते हैं और अंतत सबूत की कमी से वह दोषी साबित नहीं हो पाता है और इस तरह वह लूट के धन के साथ आनंद से जीवन बिताता है। हमारी भ्रष्टाचार रोधी व्यवस्था दंतविहीन है।

केंद्रीय स्तर पर देश में भ्रष्टाचार से निपटने के लिए केंद्रीय सतर्कता आयोग, सतर्कता विभाग और केंद्रीय जांच ब्यूरो हैं। सीबीआई एक पुलिस स्टेशन की तरह कार्य करती है। वह जांच कर सकती है। एफआईआर दर्ज कर सकती है। वह केंद्र सरकार के किसी भी विभाग से संबंधित केस की जांच कर सकती है या उन केसों की जो कोर्ट या राज्य सरकार द्वारा निर्देशित होते हैं। चूंकि सीबीआई केंद्र सरकार के सीधे नियंत्रण में होती है। इसलिए इसकी विश्वसनीयता प्रभावित हुई है।

राज्यों में तो स्थिति और भी खराब है। राज्यों के सभी सतर्कता विभाग या एजेंसी और भ्रष्टाचार निरोधी एजेंसियां सीधे तौर पर राज्य सरकार के अधीन हैं, इसलिए वे अपने राजनीतिक आकाओं के खिलाफ भ्रष्टाचार के मामलों की निष्पक्ष जांच में प्रभावहीन रहते हैं। कुछ राज्यों में लोकायुक्त जैसी संस्था भी है। परंतु ये लोकायुक्त अपने आप कोई भी जांच नहीं शुरू कर सकते। एक निश्चित स्तर के ऊपर के अधिकारियों के खिलाफ जांच के लिए इन्हें राज्य सरकार से अनुमति लेनी पड़ती है।

आज समाज में भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ व्यापक गुस्सा है। अंतरराष्ट्रीय वित्तीय प्रवाह के क्षेत्र में भी स्थिति बुरी है। द हिंदू में जीएफआई की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, हर 24 घंटे औसतन करीब 240 करोड़ रुपए अवैध धन भारत से बाहर जा रहा है। हमारे पास कोई उचित कानून या ऐसी अंतरराष्ट्रीय संधि नहीं है जिससे विदेशों में जमा अवैध धन वापस लाया जा सके या विदेशों में धन जमा करने पर अंकुश लगाया जा सके। सरकार में न केवल इच्छाशक्ति की कमी है बल्कि वह छलावा कर रही है और दोषी लोगों को बचा रही है। । यह मात्र कर चोरी का मुद्दा नहीं है जैसा कि सरकार पेश करने की कोशिश कर रही है बल्कि एक आपराधिक करतूत है। सरकार को सही मंशा होती और वह इस पैसे को वापस लाना एवं इसे बढ़ावा देने से रोकना चाहती तो ने वह इस दिशा में कदम उठा सकती थी। अमेरिका और कई अन्य देशों ने सिद्ध कर दिया । है कि घूसखोरी की समस्या से सफलतापूर्वक । निपटा जा सकता है। अमेरिकी अदालतों ने ऐसे कानूनों का इस्तेमाल किया है और बड़ी कंपनियों को घूसखोरी का दोषी पाया है।

जबरदस्त जन आक्रोश के चलते ब्रिटेन को भी 2010 में एक कानून बनाना पड़ा जिसे दुनिया में सबसे सख्त रिश्वत-रोधी कानून कहा जाता है।

 विदेशी बैंकों व देशों में जमा भारतीय धन को वापस लाना एक थकाउ प्रक्रिया है जिसके लिए एक मजबूत राजनीतिक इच्छा, अंतरराष्ट्रीय सहयोग प्राप्त करने के कड़े प्रयासों की जरूरत है। इसके अलावा, मुद्दा केवल विदेशी बैंकों में पहले से जमा भारतीय धन को वापस लाने का नहीं है बल्कि भारत से आगे यह धन और न निकले, इसकी व्यवस्था करने का है। चूंकि अंतरराष्ट्रीय परस्पर कानूनी सहयोग सबसे अहम है, भारत को भ्रष्टाचार पर यूएन संधि, अंतरराष्ट्रीय कारोबारी लेन-देन में विदेशी सरकारी अधिकारियों की घूसखोरी से लड़ने पर ओईसीडी संधि जैसी विभिन्न संधियों में सुधार कर भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ वैश्विक आंदोलन में शामिल होना पड़ेगा। दूसरा, हमें इन संधियों की जरूरतों के मुताबिक, अपने संबंधित कानूनों में संशोधन करना पड़ेगा।

 भारत को निजी क्षेत्र में घूसखोरी पर अब भी कानून बनाना बाकी है जिसमें कारोबार या पेशे को आगे बढ़ाने के लिए जानबूझकर घूस देने या लेने को एक आपराधिक गतिविधि मानो जाए। ऐसा देखा गया है कि भारत में कारोबारी इकाइयों ने कर चुराने के लिए कर-चोरी की पनाहगाह बने देशों का इस्तेमाल किया है। अमेरिका ने अपने नागरिकों द्वारा इस तरह के दुरुपयोग से सख्ती से निपटने के लिए हाल ही में एक कानून पारित किया है। एनजीओ एवं निजी क्षेत्र में घूसखोरी रोधक

 कानून भ्रष्टाचार एवं कालेधन के कई आयाम हैं, जिसमें महत्वपूर्ण पहलू है इसका सृजन। भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ संयुक्त राष्ट्र की समिति ने भी हमारी भ्रष्टाचार रोधी प्रणाली में कई खामियां पाई हैं। निजी क्षेत्र और एनजीओ में घूसखोरी रोकने के लिए हमारे पास कोई कानून नहीं है। ठेके और लाइसेंस आदि के मूल्यांकन के संबंध में तीसरे पक्ष के जरिए तुष्टिकरण और घूसखोरी, सरकारी नीतियों पर चर्चा के जरिए लामबंदी एवं निजी क्षेत्र द्वारा घूसखोरी पर अंकुश लगाने के संबंध में हमारे प्रावधानों में भी खामियां हैं। हमारे कानूनी

 फ्लोटिंग वारंट अवधारणा कर-चोरी की पनाहगाह बने देशों में जमा धन के अपराधीकरण के संबंध में भी प्रावधानों की कमी है। कर चोरी टैक्स हैवेन देशों में अपराध नहीं है। इसलिए इस मोचें पर सूचना के आदान-प्रदान के लिए हमारे पास अधिकारों की कमी है। जब दोषी की पहचान नहीं हो पाती तो हम अज्ञात व्यक्ति के खिलाफ एक फ्लोटिंग वारंट जारी कर सकते हैं और इस वारंट के आधार पर विदेशों में खाता रखने वाले उस व्यक्ति को जिसे हम नहीं जानते हैं. अपराधी घोषित किया जा सकता है और उसके बारे में जानकारी मांगी जा सकती है। इस तरह से यह वारंट बाद में व्यक्ति की पहचान स्थापित होने पर उसके नाम लागू हो जाता है।

भ्रष्टाचार के कई एवं कालेधन आयाम हैं। निजी क्षेत्र और एनजीओ में घूसखोरी रोकने के लिए हमारे पास कोई कानून नहीं है।

Graft in the allocation of mineral wealth stymie growth

By Gopal Krishna Agarwal,

TAMPERING of records and corruption has become the hallmark of this government. On several occasions, CAG has vindicated this government, whether it is Common Wealth Games or the allocation of 2G spectrum and coalfields. In yet another revelation, the government auditor CAG has said last week that in several cases, under the government loan waiver scheme, ineligible farmers were given benefits while deserving ones were left out. It also found instances of tampering with records. Besides other observations, the report said that the Micro Finance institutions (MFI) were given benefits under the scheme in violation of the debt waiver guidelines, and even private sector banks claimed undue benefits like penal interest, legal charges, and miscellaneous charges from the government, which were to be borne by them only. Earlier CAG audit had observed that the procedures followed for the allocation of coal blocks lacked transparency and it failed to arrive at the optimal price at which the allocation of blocks should have been made. MoC had recognized that there was a substantial difference between the price of coal supplied by CIL and the cost of coal produced through coal blocks allocated for captive mining and as such there was a windfall gains to the allottees. Audit worked out such windfall gains at Rs. 6.31 lakh crore (PSEs Rs 3.37 lakh crore and private parties Rs. 2.94 lakh crore) based on the prices prevailing during the year of allocation. 

According to this writer, the most important aspect in the realms of development of the nation is the allocation of natural resources. The current conflict that we can see all around, whether it is the unrest of tribal people, agitation of farmers over the acquisition of their land, or the dilemma of the policymakers on the allocation of coal and mineral blocks, etc. is regarding its valuation and the beneficiary ownership on the basis of which, the quantum of compensation and its recipient has to be decided. Socio-economic development can take place only after proper and justified allocation of natural resources. The flaw at the policy level cannot be overcome through administrative mechanisms. If the policies are right the administration can be held accountable. The basic question, which we all have to answer and consider is, who owns Natural resources, particularly land, water, and minerals? Broadly there are three forms of ownership: individual/ private, state ownership or nobody. 

Our constitution guarantees the right to use. When it comes to the ownership of natural resources of the country the Higher Courts in India have invoked Article 39(b) of the Constitution which says that the State shall in particular, direct its policy toward securing the ownership and control of material resources of the community so distributed as best to sub-serve the common good. Going through a number of judgments of the Supreme Court and High courts on matters concerning ownership of natural resources and their allocation referring to Article 14, Article 39(b), and other relevant Constitutional provisions, we arrive at the conclusion that, certain natural resources like air, water, forests etc cannot be privatized at all. The ownership of a limited number of resources like mines, oil fields, etc can be transferred to the private sector but they too would be bound by the relevant statutory and constitutional provisions and this change of ownership can only take place if it subserves the public good. The Constitution also acknowledges that the state is a trustee of all resources. As a trustee of all natural resources, it has a legal duty to protect them. 

The Public Trust Doctrine primarily rests on the principle that certain resources like air, water, and forests have such great importance to the people as a whole that it would be wholly unjustified to make them a subject of private ownership. The said resources being a gift of nature, should be made freely available to everyone irrespective of their status in life. The doctrine enjoins upon the government to protect the resources for the enjoyment of the general public rather than to permit them for use as private ownership. But, no comprehensive legislation has yet been enacted to define natural resources (including minerals) and a framework for their protection. The important issue in the allocation of these resources in a productive and fair manner is the participation of the public and private sectors, the degree of transparency, its captive use, etc. A wide public debate is required for effective legislation that ensures the rights of people over their natural resources.

We need to move forward in the background of all these conflicts, one very important consideration in acquisition laws of resources is Eminent Domain. There can be disagreement that the interest of an individual is subservient to that of society. This provides the state (which supposedly acts for all and on behalf of the community) with the power to acquire the property of an individual without his/her consent, provided it is for the public purpose. The problem arises because there is no consensus on, whether a given project is in the larger interest of the community or not? Corruption in the state has started defining all kinds of activities as public purpose: from making cycles to shoes etc. When individual resources or common property resources are lost on the above pretext, it is bound to agitate everyone. The world is made of five basic elements Panchtatva and our existence is based on them. 

These are all adequately provided by nature. The purity of these elements has to be maintained and preserved. When nature is exploited; its balance will be disturbed leading to ecological imbalances and the destruction of life. One of the very important elements is water, symbolizing human existence. The ownership of this important element has a large-scale implication for the future of humanity; the concept of private ownership and commercialization of any of these elements is not in the interest of humanity. A concept, which is not good for humanity can never be beneficial to a nation. We found that there was a general consensus on the issues, in a series of our discussions and deliberations on the subject with various stockholders including courts and the government. But still, at the implementation level, there was a complete divergence. All governmental actions point towards creating private property with regard to these resources and its commercialization as a commodity in the name of conservation. 

This is being done under the garb of public-private partnership (PPP). This dilemma of the policymaker has to be exposed and checked. At present, we have two categories; an affluent and a powerful class, which has dominance in every aspect of our policymaking and its implementation. They can afford everything. For them, availability is more important than affordability. In their business model, scarcity and commercialization is a means of creating wealth. Though we believe, that private ownership is a major motivator of entrepreneurship and the generation of wealth, our primary concern is the other class i.e. the common man, who, under the baggage of historical conditions of subversion and exploitation was left behind in the race. Society should be structured in a way that all its components or the stakeholders are taken care of, without any discrimination of caste, creed, religion, or wealth. 

The government is duty-bound to provide for the basic needs of all the citizens of the country. This duty has been cast on it under the adopted constitution by the people of this Sovereign, Democratic, Secular, Republic. India at present is caught in a dilemma. The Western countries want us to believe; that economic thinking has to be within a close jacket and the perceived solutions are to be based on certain assumptions, which are sacrosanct. There can’t be any deviations. But the fact is that these basic tenets of capitalist economy are subject to scrutiny. In addition to a materialistic worldview, there is a spiritual aspect to human existence. Where all our actions are guided by natural laws without any interference of subjective considerations. These subjective considerations usually act as a divisive force to universal brotherhood. With failure of capitalism and the global financial crisis, the pitfalls of the Western economic model are quite evident. The economy cannot run on adhocism. For the future of the country, a long-term perspective coming from a clear vision is required. Socioeconomic development of the nation is only possible when there is a judicious and equitable allocation of natural resources. 

People at the helm of affairs are not able to balance the aspirations of all stakeholders and make cohesive policy decisions. Due to their insensitivity towards the unrest in society and the problems thereof, they have lost much of their relevance. If the mood of the Civil Society movements of the recent past is any indicator, then any adamancy on the part of the powerful about ignoring the aspirations of the common man will lead to major unrest. I have been very closely related to all these movements from the beginning and there has been a feeling that, in dealing with the common man, the ruling class is not sincere in its approach. All political and social dispensations in the country have to be aware of this aspect.

E-RUPI will ensure leak-proof DBT delivery, bridge divides

Gopal Krishna Agarwal,

The e-RUPI vouchers that Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched recently is an important initiative of his government. It will ensure transfer of benefits in a “leak-proof” and transparent manner to the citizens and, as the PM said, “is a symbol of how India is progressing by connecting people’s lives with technology”.

When the Modi government came to power in 2014, there were rampant leakages in the government delivery mechanism and the benefits of welfare schemes were not reaching the targeted people efficiently. The first task Modiji took upon himself was streamlining the delivery mechanism, without leakages in the form of corruption or otherwise. His landmark initiative of direct benefit transfer (DBT) involving the JAM trinity of opening Jandhan accounts, linking those to Aadhar and mobile numbers for online fund transfer, was applauded by the World Bank as one of the most effective financial inclusion programmes worldwide.

Using financial technologies to revolutionise the life of the common man is an ambitious project of the PM. He has been encouraging startups to innovate and come out with solutions using artificial intelligence, data mining and processing. Creating a startup ecosystem through tax concessions and making investible funds available, the roadmap of the government is clear. Schemes are available for linking academic and industry interface, through the Atal Tinkering Lab and the Atal Innovation Mission. It has also been organising and supporting innovation Hackathons and streamlining the patent regime. Fintech innovations and solutions have revolutionised the financial ecosystem. Out of India’s 32 unicorns now, nine are in fintech.

This digital transformation helped reduce the tech divide between the rich and the poor, and the urban and rural population. Creating an ecosystem of Internet connectivity at the Panchayat level and establishing computer service centres under the Digital-India platform helped in ease of living for people.

Using technology, the Modi government is achieving its promise of minimum government and maximum governance. Technology-driven solutions reduce human interventions and subjectivity in decision-making and implementation, as well as help in bringing down corruption. Digital-India initiatives such as GST, virtual e-assessment, government e-market platform, digital locker, DBT, payment apps such as BHIM, e-mandis, PSB loans in 59 minutes, startup ecosystem, Aarogya Setu and CoWIN, fastag and now e-RUPI vouchers have helped transform the life of the common man.

The government has transferred ‘17.5 lakh crore to targeted beneficiaries under 300 schemes and saved ‘1.78 lakh crore by preventing them getting into wrong hands. This year, it has transferred ‘86,000 crore to farmers’ accounts as minimum support price, and large amounts under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samaan Nidhi.

The e-RUPI voucher is an innovative instrument for fund transfer to the targeted person for a specific purpose. When the government issues the voucher, it ensures that the fund is used for the specific purpose. It functions as a pre-paid gift-voucher, redeemable at service centres, and ensures the connectivity of the sponsor of the service, the beneficiary and the service provider on a digital platform. Once this scheme is implemented by private organisations and individuals, they are ensured that the fund is utilised as per their discretion. It can be used for CSR activities by corporates, donations by charitable institutions and individuals for third-party support.

The government is working on a push model, where schemes are announced and targets set, making officials responsible for the implementation, instead of the pull model where citizens had to run after government departments. It has been the endeavour of Prime Minister Modi to identify a problem, build a technological solution for resolution, integrate the stakeholders with it and establish a performance matrix for evaluation and accountability for efficient implementation.

The writer is national spokesperson of BJP.

व्यवस्था पारदर्शी बनाने की पहल

गोपाल कृष्ण अग्रवाल,

ई-रुपी वाउचर की पहल लक्षित व्यक्ति तक रकम हस्तांतरित करने की दिशा में सार्थक साबित हो सकती है। इस व्यवस्था के माध्यम सरकारी धन के रिसाव को नियंत्रित किया जा सकेगा

देश के प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी ने हाल ही में ई-रुपी वाउचर लान्च किया है। इस अवसर पर उन्होंने कहा, ‘यह सरकारी वितरण के लक्षित, पारदर्शी और रिसाव मुक्त वितरण में मदद करेगा। ई-रुपी इस बात का प्रतीक है कि लोगों के जीवन को प्रौद्योगिकी से जोड़कर भारत कैसे प्रगति कर रहा है।’

वर्ष 2014 में जब नरेन्द्र मोदी सत्ता में आए तो उनके समक्ष सरकारी वितरण तंत्र में बड़े पैमाने पर होने वाले रिसाव को रोकने की चुनौती थी। सरकार की सामाजिक कल्याण योजनाओं का समुचित लाभ उनके योग्य लाभार्थियों तक सुगमता से नहीं पहुंच पा रही थी। लिहाजा सामाजिक कल्याण लाभ के लिए वितरण तंत्र को सुव्यवस्थित करने की उन्होंने व्यवस्था की, ताकि भ्रष्टाचार और अन्य रिसावों को रोका जा सके। उन्होंने प्रत्यक्ष लाभ हस्तांतरण (डीबीटी) की ऐतिहासिक पहल करते हुए बैंकों में सभी देशवासियों के जन- धन खाते खोलना, उसे आधार कार्ड से जोड़ना और आनलाइन फंड ट्रांसफर के लिए डिजिटल तकनीकों के उपयोग के द्वारा वित्तीय समावेशन कार्यक्रम को लागू किया गया। आनलाइन भुगतान तकनीक के लिए अधिक से अधिक एकीकृत भुगतान इंटरफेस (यूपीआइ) विकसित की गई और उनके माध्यम से सीधे लाभार्थी के खाते में धनराशि स्थानांतरित करने की व्यवस्था आरंभ की गई।

आम आदमी के जीवन में क्रांति लाने के लिए वित्तीय तकनीकों का उपयोग करना प्रधानमंत्री की एक महत्वाकांक्षी परियोजना है। फिनटेक के माध्यम से किए जाने वाले समाधानों के अंतर्गत आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस (एआइ) और डाटा मैनेजमेंट का उपयोग करके नवाचार के लिए स्टार्ट-अप्स को वह निरंतर प्रोत्साहित कर रहे हैं। टैक्स रियायतों के माध्यम से स्टार्ट-अप पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बनाना और फिर उसके लिए निवेश योग्य  धन उपलब्ध कराने के साथ, सरकार का एक स्पष्ट रोडमैप है। अटल इनोवेशन मिशन के माध्यम से अकादमिक और उद्योगों को जोड़ने के लिए भी योजनाएं बनाई गई हैं। सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के उद्यमों द्वारा नवाचार को प्रोत्साहन के लिए समूची पेटेंट व्यवस्था को सुदृढ़ करना सरकार की नई पहल है।

इस डिजिटल परिवर्तन ने अमीर और गरीब, शहरी और ग्रामीण आबादी के बीच तकनीकी दूरी को कम करने में मदद की है। पंचायत स्तर पर इंटरनेट कनेक्टिविटी का एकीकृत तंत्र के तौर पर विकसित किया जा रहा है। डिजिटल इंडिया प्लेटफार्म के तहत भी कंप्यूटर सेवा केंद्र (सीएससी) स्थापित करके लोगों के जीवन को सुगम बनाया जा – रहा है। प्रौद्योगिकी समाधानों ने सरकारी – निर्णय और उसके कार्यान्वयन में – मानवीय हस्तक्षेप को काफी हद तक कम -कर दिया, जिससे सभी को अपने दैनिक जीवनयापन में सुविधा मिली है। सरकारी – योजनाओं और कार्यक्रमों के लिए आनलाइन समाधान मानवीय हस्तक्षेप को कम करता है और इसमें भ्रष्टाचार की आशंकाएं भी कम होती है।

डिजिटल इंडिया पहल जैसे जीएसटी का कार्यान्वयन, वर्चुअल ई-मूल्यांकन, सरकारी ई-मार्केट प्लेटफार्म, डिजिटल लाकर, ई-मंडियां, 59 मिनट में पीएसबी लोन, स्टार्ट-अप इकोसिस्टम, टोल प्लाजा पर फास्ट टैग सुविधा और अब ई-रुपी वाउचर ने आम लोगों के जीवन को बदल दिया है। सरकारी योजनाओं को लागू करने के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग करने में हम सफल रहे हैं, चाहे वह लक्षित व्यक्तियों तक सामाजिक लाभ पहुंचाना हो या व्यवसाय करने में आसानी हो या फिर लाभ वितरण और शासन के लिए भ्रष्टाचार मुक्त तंत्र का निर्माण करना हो। जुलाई में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय भुगतान निगम (एनपीसीआइ) के यूनिफाइड पेमेंट्स इंटरफेस (यूपीआइ) के जरिये रिकार्ड 324 करोड़ लेन-देन किए गए हैं। राशि की बात करें तो इस प्लेटफार्म से 6.06 लाख करोड़ रुपये के लेन-देन किए गए

केंद्र सरकार करीब 300 सरकारी योजनाओं के अंतर्गत लक्षित लाभार्थियों को 17.5 लाख करोड़ रुपये की धनराशि हस्तांतरित करने में सफल रही है और इस राशि को गलत हाथों में जाने से रोककर लगभग 1.75 लाख करोड़ रुपये की बचत करने में भी सफल रही है। इस साल सरकार ने न्यूनतम मूल्य पर खाद्यान्न खरीद कर किसानों के खाते में 86 हजार करोड़ रुपये ट्रांसफर किए हैं। सरकार ने प्रधानमंत्री किसान सम्मान निधि के तहत भी बड़ी राशि सीधे किसानों के खाते में ट्रांसफर की है। ई-रुपी वाउचर की नई पहल लक्षित व्यक्ति तक फंड ट्रांसफर करने के लिए एक अभिनव साधन बनकर उभरेगी। जब सरकार ई-रुपी वाउचर जारी करती है. तो वह सुनिश्चित करती है कि फंड का उपयोग केवल निश्चित उ‌द्देश्य के लिए ही किया जा सकता है। यह व्यक्ति-विशिष्ट भुगतान प्रणाली प्री-पेड उपहार वाउचर के रूप में कार्य करती है, जिसे निर्धारित सेवा केंद्रों पर भुनाया जा सकता है। यह योजना सेवाओं के प्रायोजकों, लाभार्थियों और सेवा प्रदाताओं को एक डिजिटल प्लेटफार्म पर साथ ले आएगी। एक बार जब यह वाउचर किसी निजी संगठन या व्यक्ति द्वारा जारी किया जाएगा, तो उसे इस बात का भरोसा होगा कि इस निधि का उपयोग उनके निर्देशानुसार ही होगा।

दरअसल सरकार ‘पुश माडल’ पर काम कर रही है, जहां योजनाओं की घोषणा की जाती है, लक्ष्य निर्धारित किए जाते हैं और सरकारी अधिकारियों को उनके कार्यान्वयन के लिए जिम्मेदार बनाया जाता है, न कि ‘पुल माडल’ पर जहां नागरिकों को लाभ लेने के लिए सरकारी विभागों के पीछे भागना पड़ता है।

(लेखक बीजेपी के आर्थिक मामलों के प्रवक्ता है)

The Government That Delivers Efficiently

Gopal Krishna Agarwal

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has launched e-RUPI vouchers. It is an important initiative of Narendra Modi government. While launching PM said, “This will help everyone in targeted, transparent and leakage free delivery, e-RUPI is a symbol of how India is progressing by connecting people’s lives with technology.”

When Shri Narendra Modi came to power in 2014 there was rampant leakages in government delivery mechanism. Government’s social welfare schemes were not reaching to the targeted beneficiaries efficiently. The first and foremost task, Modiji took upon himself was to streamline delivery mechanism for the social welfare benefits, without leakages in the form of corruption or otherwise. His landmark initiative of direct benefit transfer (DBT); involved the financial inclusion program of opening Jandhan account, linking it to unique Aadhar number and use of digital technologies for online fund transfer, called the JAM trinity. It was applauded by the World Bank as one of the most effective financial inclusion programs worldwide.

The first and foremost task, Modiji took upon himself was to streamline delivery mechanism for the social welfare benefits, without leakages in the form of corruption or otherwise

More and more Unified Payment Interface (UPI) for online payments such as BHIM and #99 app etc. were developed and funds transferred to the beneficiary account directly through them.

Using financial technologies to revolutionise the life of common men is an ambitious project of the Prime Minister. He has been successively encouraging Start-Ups to innovate and come out with FinTech solutions using Artificial Intelligence (AI), data mining and processing. Creating a Start-Up ecosystem through series of tax concessions and making investible funds available, the roadmap of the government is clear. Schemes are also available for linking academic and industry interface, through Atal Tinkering Lab and Atal Innovation Mission. Organising and supporting innovation Hackathons by public sector enterprises and streamlining Patents regime, is a well traversed path of the government. FinTech innovations and solutions have highly revolutionised financial ecosystem in India, out of 32 unicorns (one billion dollar valued start-up company) in 2021, nine are financial technology companies.

This digital transformation helped in reducing the technological divide amongst the rich and the poor, and the urban and rural population. Creating an ecosystem of internet connectivity at the Panchayat level and establishing computer service centres (CSC) under the Digital-India platform, helped in ease of living for the people. Using technology Modi government is achieving its promise of minimum government and maximum governance. The technology driven solutions reduced human interventions and subjectivity in the decision making and its implementation, helping everyone to go for his day-to-day life smoothly. The objective online solutions for government schemes and programs save the people from running from pillar to post reducing human interface, bringing down levels of corruption to a large extent.

Digital-India initiatives such as implementation of GST, virtual e-assessment, government e-market (GEM) platform, digital locker, direct benefit transfers (DBT), online payments; BHIM app and #99, e-mandis, PSB loans in 59 minutes, Digi-Locker, start-up ecosystem, Aarogya Setu, CoWIN apps & issue of digital certificate, RuPay card, fast tag facilities at toll plaza and now e-RUPI vouchers have transformed the life of common men. Prime Minister Modi has been successful in using technology to efficiently implement government schemes whether it is the delivery of social benefits to the targeted individuals or Ease of Doing Business (EODB), creating a corruption free ecosystem of benefit delivery and governance. In July’21 month alone, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), the flagship payments platform of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) processed a record 324 crores transactions. In value terms, the platform processed transactions worth Rs 6.06 lac crores.

Our government has been successful in transferring Rs 17.5 Lac crores of funds to the targeted beneficiaries under 300 government schemes and has also succeeded in saving Rs 1.75 lakh crores preventing them getting into wrong hands, benefiting about 90 crore people. this year alone the government has transferred Rs 85 thousand crores to the farmers account on food grain purchases via MSP. The government has also transferred about Rs 1.35 lac crore directly to farmers account under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samaan Nidhi and PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) making digital history for street vendors and helping easy fund availability.

The new initiative of e-RUPI voucher is an innovative instrument for fund transfer to the targeted person for a specific purpose. When the government issues e-RUPI voucher, it ensures that the fund is used for the specific purpose only. This people-specific and person-specific payment system functions as a pre-paid gift-voucher, redeemable at service centres. This ensures the connectivity of the sponsors of the services, beneficiaries and the service provider on a digital platform. Once this scheme is implemented by private organizations and individuals, they are ensured that the fund is utilised as per their discretion. It can be used for CSR activities by the corporates, donations by charitable institutions and individuals for third party support. It has immense future potential in the field of fertiliser subsidy, free ration, pregnant women nutritional support etc.

The government is working on the push model, where schemes are announced, and targets set, making government officials responsible for their implementations, instead of pull model where citizens had to run after government departments to avail benefits. Identification of 115 aspirational districts and overseeing by the district administration for the eligible beneficiaries receiving them, is a case in point. It has been the endeavour of Shri Narendra Modi to identify a problem, build a technological solution for resolution, integrate the stakeholders with it and establish a performance matrix for evaluation and accountability for its efficient implementation.

(The writer is National Spokesperson of BJP)